Approximate Equivalents or Substitutions in Baking and Cooking

Ingredients

• 1 tsp baking powder 1/4 tsp soda and 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
• 1 cup cake flour 7/8 cup or 1 cup less 2 Tbsp all purpose flour
• 1 square chocolate 3 Tbsp cocoa plus 1-1/2 tsp fat (butter)
• 1 cup thin cream (18-20%) 7/8 cup milk plus 3 Tbsp fat
• 1 cup heavy cream (36-40%) 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup fat
• 1 cup sour or buttermilk 1 cup milk plus 1 Tbsp lemon juice or vinegar
• 1 1/3 cup packed brown sugar 1 cup granulated sugar
• 1 lemon 3 to 4 Tbsp juice
• Grated rind of 1 lemon 1-1/2 tsp juice
• 1 orange 6 to 8 Tbsp juice
• 12 to 14 egg yolks 1 cup
• 8 to 10 egg whites 1 cup
• 1 Tbsp corn starch 2 Tbsp flour (when thickening)
• 9 coarse crumbled graham crackers 1 cup
• 11 fine crumbled graham crackers 1 cup
• 7 coarse crumbled salt crackers 1 cup
• 9 fine crushed salt crackers 1 cup
• 1 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water 1 cup milk